foods and drinks are inextricably linked to man, a strong bond sinking its roots in the ancient history of the world and all its inhabitants. Evolve a means of livelihood, becoming in time a growing role among the peoples. Too often we look at the evolution of the kitchen, the modern one, much to forget that what we know comes from a tradition thousands of years, without exaggeration.
Taking steps backward in the history reveals the evolution and cultural exchange, which occurs every time you cross a border, is one of the fundamental bases for social and personal enrichment. The food is the object with which we encounter more often and becomes the subject of all time.
a land held in the central Mediterranean food and wine scene, Israel has a tradition of unparalleled consistency.
The streets of Jerusalem welcome their visitors with a heady and pungent smells of cumin and cardamom. The fumes of fried fish in spicy sauce invade the paths to the shore of the Sea of \u200b\u200bGalilee. The streets of Jericho are colored by the shiny, juicy fruit. Aromatic oils, dense wine, meat according to the strict Jewish dietary laws, they are also the charm of the land that gave birth to Jesus reproducing the colors, smells and tastes of its table. The food and wine scene the Holy Land is home to a large representation of products and to get an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat they might be just reading a guide than the Bible.
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| Kitchen Ashkenazi |
Israel is inhabited by a diverse population from Eastern Europe, the Commonwealth, North Africa bringing with traditions and customs, food and non-developed countries of origin, but also Arabs, whose influence is felt in or sold in every street corner , the falafel balls chickpea; 's hummus, mashed chickpeas, olive oil and lemon; the tahini, same consistency as the previous dishes, pasta with sesame seeds for the main ingredient, the tabbouleh, a salad topped with semolina tomato and parsley. Thanks to the origin of its inhabitants, who bring their own dishes developed in 3000 years of history elsewhere, traditional food take two different names: the kitchen Ashkenazi (Ashkenaz is the name of Franco-German region bathed by the river Rhine) , that refers to Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe and Central Asia, with accents sweeter; kitchen Sephardic (1) che si riferisce alle tradizioni gastronomiche degli immigrati provenienti dal Medio Oriente e dall'Europa dell'Ovest e per questo ricca di erbe aromatiche e spezie.
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| Tipica cucina Sefardita |
Gesù Cristo, ebreo osservante
barley bread seasoned with olive oil and fish had to be dried or roasted in most cases the power of Jesus in the Gospels do not mention specific recipes but again this the banquet table and represented by tradition, the means of strengthening the bonds of family and community in general. The table set is the place around which policies are established all sorts, alliances, and important decisions. The guests drew the bread in the dish was common and often the owner himself to offer the treat to the guests. The banquets were sometimes imposed by law, an example is that of Easter, adjusted to the smallest detail. Jesus himself frequently takes part in banquets, with Zacchaeus (2) the tax collector in the house of a Pharisee (3), by his friend Lazarus and the table of the disciples of Emmaus after his resurrection. For the wedding at Cana, a wedding, inaugurating the miracles with the transformation of water into wine (4). It is usual that Jesus would tell his guests during a meal his parables and often includes customs relating to the table, like the fatted calf killed by his father (5), the yeast of the housewife hidden in flour (6), the new wine that bursts the old bottles (7).
At the Last Supper Jesus offers himself to men in the form of bread and wine, thereby establishing the Eucharist.
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| View of Geruslaemme |
The Act established intricate rules are already established at the time of Jesus and enriched by centuries of reflections rabbis. So it is likely that not all fish, the main relish the time, could be part of the food consumed eels, mollusks, crustaceans, shellfish and, unfortunately, the blue fish with a few exceptions, having neither fins nor scales, were and still are considered " Taref" (not in accordance with the law), along with the pig, the camel, horse, rabbit, carnivorous animals of any kind.
kosher, or in accordance with the law, are the animals with cloven hooves, such as sheep, goats and cattle.
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| The baklava, a sweet of Turkish origin. phyllo dough filled with walnuts and served with sugar syrup. |
The strong tradition dictated the Torah (the first five books of the Bible AT), is still powered by the famous kosher butcher shops where skilled people, trained for years and continually updated, perform the ritual slaughter and the shechita (8) . L ' halakha, the rule prohibits any practice that causes excessive suffering to the animal and requires that the blood is almost completely removed from the carcass as it is forbidden to eat the blood of animals as a symbol of life. More particularly indicated that removal of the sciatic nerve, part of the ritual of kosher slaughter in memory of the wound inflicted by the angel to Jacob (9).
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| pomegranate juice |
There are many requirements on the consumption of animals, much less had to be for the people of 2000 years ago. The meat was customary for the poor just for the holidays or religious events, where he was the favorite of the calf, but more often we settle for lambs and kids. A proverbial meal was the Passover lamb was to be roasted with a variety of pomegranates in his mouth and served with the "bitter herbs" that is wild lettuce or chicory, or the so-called serpent, reminiscent of bitterness suffered during slavery in Egypt .
A traditional ban was imposed on the consumption of meat and dairy at the same time: "Do not cook a kid in its mother's milk" (10).
The bread takes the role of status with different preparations more or less expensive: the barley bread for the poor and the wheat for the rich. Different types of leavened bread and were not mentioned in the Scriptures: the Kikar or loaf, the challah , a cake, the matzot typical or unleavened bread for Passover, the nikkudim , cookies, and the rakik or wafer. Are still used in some Arab villages and in the Old City of Jerusalem, the ancient bread-making techniques with which they used to bake loaves, pie shaped flattened on the sides and inside of ovens and convex on hot coals.
The bread takes the role of status with different preparations more or less expensive: the barley bread for the poor and the wheat for the rich. Different types of leavened bread and were not mentioned in the Scriptures: the Kikar or loaf, the challah , a cake, the matzot typical or unleavened bread for Passover, the nikkudim , cookies, and the rakik or wafer. Are still used in some Arab villages and in the Old City of Jerusalem, the ancient bread-making techniques with which they used to bake loaves, pie shaped flattened on the sides and inside of ovens and convex on hot coals.
A mention should go to the only sweetener of the time, and honey. It was not bees, but rather a sweet syrup made from figs, dates, grapes and carob or the Jews were greedy enough to add it to the wine. A little curiosity told in the Gospels says that in the solitude of the desert John the Baptist ate locusts and wild honey (11).
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| Spices sold in markets |
For a plate of lenticchie Esaù cedette la sua primogenitura a Giacobbe fratello minore (12).
L'ulivo, simbolo di pace, è l'albero con i cui frutti si ottiene il condimento simbolico per definizione, l'olio d'oliva. Gli abbinamenti con le varie spezie ed erbe aromatiche erano tantissimi: capperi, cumino, senape, ruta, zafferano, coriandolo, aneto.
La bevanda sacra per eccellenza, simbolo di benessere, abbondanza e sicurezza, era il vino (13). Era stato proprio Dio a rivelare a Noè (14) come ottenerlo, secondo la tradizione. Assieme alla carne, anche the wine must be kosher, only Jews could work hand in its preparation. In general it was a very dense wine, very black, rich in tannins and alcohol and had consumed diluted and sweetened with honey. The law called for moderation and for tradition, the Jews will still drink four cups at Easter, two marriages and to celebrate the circumcision.
The rules followed by observant Jews on food may appear very restrictive, but are synonymous with food security so much to see worldwide sales of kosher products reach values \u200b\u200bof over 150 billion dollars.
A tradition of sharing tied to the table through which they were, and still are, strengthened the bonds of family and community that have made the history of the people of Israel.
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1 The Sephardic Jews were known inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula which merged their culture with the Mizrahi Jewish community of the Middle East, and Romaniote Greeks, after the mass expulsion by the Visigoths in Spain and, after the reconquest from the Arabs, Catholics real Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon.
3 Simon the Pharisee: Luke 7.36-50
4 small village in Galilee where Jesus performed his first miracle: John from 2.1 to 11.
Parable of 5 merciful father: Luke 15.23-24
6 Matthew 13.33, Luke 13.21
7 "The question of fasting" Luke 5, 37
8 12.21 Devarim "You slaughtered as I have commanded you"
9 Genesis 32, 23-33
10 Deuteronomy 14:21 "Do not eat no dead meat by itself, by feeding the stranger that is within thy gates, or sell it to any stranger, for thou are a people the Lord thy God. Do not overcook a kid in its mother's milk "(King James Version)
11 Matthew 3.4, Mark 1.6;
12 Genesis 25.29
13 Isaiah 5.1, "the song of the vineyard"
14 Genesis 9.20 "Noah, a farmer of the land, began to plant a vineyard ...."
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